| Although it is very
common, there is little understanding about it. Today, asthma treatments can be more
effective and easier to tolerate than ever. In the next 10 years, it is hoped that
advances in medical research will lead to even better treatments. This site is
designed to help you learn about asthma, its causes, and its treatment. General Introduction
Healthy lungs are essential to feeling good. The lungs
are the organs we use to breathe. They work by taking oxygen from the air we breathe in
and then exchanging it for carbon dioxide, a deadly waste product made by the cells of the
body. Once this exchange has taken place, we can then get rid of the carbon dioxide by
breathing it out, or exhaling.
During an attack, the walls of the airways
become inflamed, and the mucous membrane covering the walls becomes swollen with fluid.
Sticky mucus fills the remaining space, making it difficult to breathe. Because air cannot
flow in and out of the lungs freely, a whistling or wheezing sound may be heard.
During severe attacks, wheezing may
stop because there is too little air moving to make any noise.
Attacks can be mild, moderate, or
severe, and can last for a few minutes, a few hours, or several days. They can occur
anywhere and at any time. Many occur at night. Sometimes, there are warning signs that an
attack is about to happen, but sometimes there aren't.
Asthamtic Triggers
Although the specific things that trigger an attack can vary from person to person,
some common triggers are well known. These include the following:
- Allergens (substances that people are allergic to)
- Common allergens include pollen, mold, animal hair or fur,
household dust/dust mites, cockroaches, and certain foods.
- Infections
- Both bacterial and viral infections can irritate the
airways, triggering asthma attacks.
- Sinusitis (inflammation of the nose and nasal airways)
- During a sinus infection, mucus draining into the nose,
throat, and lungs can cause asthma symptoms.
- Irritants
- Examples of irritants to the airways include strong odors
and sprays (perfumes, household cleaners, paints, and varnishes); certain chemicals like
coal, chalk dust, and talcum powder; air pollutants; tobacco smoke; changing weather
conditions (for example, cold weather).
- Smoke
- Inhaling smoke from cigarettes or fires harms the airways
and is especially hard on the airways of people with asthma. In fact, cigarette smoking is
responsible for more than half of the cases of asthma in people over 40 years of age.
- Exercise
- Although exercise is good for people with asthma, it can
trigger an asthma attack. People with asthma need to work with their doctors to prevent
asthma attacks due to exercise (certain drugs can help prevent asthma symptoms from
occurring after exercise).
- Exposure to irritants on the job
- Many cases of asthma are worsened or even caused by exposure
to vapors, dust, gases, or fumes in the workplace. This type of asthma usually improves
when the person takes a few days off from work, such as on weekends and vacations.
- Sensitivity to medications and sulfites
- About 5% to 20% of adults with asthma have attacks triggered
by sensitivities or allergies to sulfites and to medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen,
indomethacin, and naproxen. People with asthma should consult their physicians before
taking any new medication, including those available without a prescription. Sulfites are
often used to preserve foods and beverages, including tuna, foods available at salad bars,
dried apples and raisins, lemon juice, grape juice, and wine.
IMPORTANT NOTICE: In March, 1997, the United States
Food and Drug Administration issued a warning that people with asthma or allergies as to
sulfites should not eat canned white (albacore) tuna or light tuna because most canned
tuna contains sulfites, even though they are not listed on the label. If you want more
information about the sulfite content of specific tuna products, please call 800-283-1112,
a special number set up by the tuna industry.
- Emotional anxiety
- Strong emotions and nervous stress can trigger asthma in
some people. This may be due, in part, to the ability of emotions and stress to weaken the
body's defenses.
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